Crawford, Tex. — Now that it is public, a pre-Sept. 11 briefing memo on al-Qaeda has U.S. President George W. Bush and his critics giving opposing versions of whether he should have acted more aggressively to avert the terrorist attacks.
Released late Saturday under pressure, the intelligence memo from Aug. 6, 2001, showed that Mr. Bush had received reports from as recently as May, 2001, and that most of the information focused on possible plots in the United States.
"I was satisfied that some of the matters were being looked into," and had any specific intelligence pointed to threats of attacks on New York and Washington, "I would have moved mountains" to prevent it, Mr. Bush said Sunday during a visit to Fort Hood, Tex.
The document has "nothing about an attack on America. It talked about intentions, about somebody who hated America — well, we knew that," he said.
A Republican member of the Sept. 11 commission backed that up Monday.
Former Illinois governor Jim Thompson told ABC's Good Morning America that "no reasonable American could hold the President responsible for the attack."
"If I'm the president and I get a special briefing that I've asked for, and he asked for this, and said the FBI is conducting 70 field investigations about this, then I assume the FBI is on top of the job," Mr. Thompson said. "The President is not an FBI agent."
Commission member Jamie Gorelick, a former deputy attorney general in the Clinton administration, told NBC"s Today show "there is a major game of finger-pointing going on around here. Our job is to get to the bottom of it."
Senator Evan Bayh, an Indiana Democrat, said public figures "shouldn't be scapegoating" and said he believes serious questions must be raised about whether the FBI is equipped to deal with terrorism.
Mr. Bayh said most Western governments have separate counterterrorism departments. "We don't. We need to ask ourselves, maybe the time has come to do that," he told CBS's The Early Show.
The memo specifically told Mr. Bush that al-Qaeda operatives had reached the United States, had a support system in place and were engaging in "patterns of suspicious activity ... consistent with preparations for hijackings or other types of attacks."
The memo's contents are somewhat of a surprise because for two years, National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice starting with a May, 2002, news conference left the impression that the document focused on historical information and that any current threats mostly involved overseas targets.
Ms. Rice first outlined the then-classified memo's contents at a news conference in May, 2002. The "overwhelming bulk of the evidence" before Sept. 11, she declared, was that any terrorist attack "was likely to take place overseas."
The 500-word document mentioned two current threats: suspected al-Qaeda operatives might have cased federal buildings in New York and that, according to a phone call to a U.S. embassy in the Middle East, a group of supporters of al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden was in the United States to plan attacks with explosives.
The FBI later concluded that two Yemeni men photographing buildings in New York were tourists.
To accentuate the potential domestic threat, the memo told Mr. Bush the FBI had 70 investigations related to Mr. bin Laden under way.
Richard Ben-Veniste, a Democrat on the commission investigating the Sept. 11 attacks, saw as significant the memo's references to May 2001 intelligence about a possible al-Qaeda explosives plot inside the United States.
The "leadership at the top," he said Sunday, should have "butted heads together, get them in the same room, and then pulse the agencies: 'What do you know?' Get all of your agents out there with messages to say, 'Tell us everything you know at this moment."'
Should the memo — a major topic on the Sunday talk shows — have raised "more of an alarm bell than it did? I think in hindsight that's probably true," Arizona Republican John McCain said. He said the Clinton and Bush administrations both bear responsibility for Sept. 11.
To Bill Nelson, a Florida Democrat, however, the memo should have created a sense of urgency.
"If you are having a brief that is entitled 'Bin Laden Determined to Strike in the U.S.,' and then it lays out specific things ... you would think that that would raise enough caution flags that you would haul in the FBI, that you'd put out an all-points bulletin," he said.
Slade Gorton, a Republican on the commission, said the memo "did talk about potential attacks in the United States," but "it didn't give the slightest clue as to what they would be or where they would be."
"The FBI has more questions to answer than Condoleezza Rice or (former presidential anti-terrorism adviser) Dick Clarke or anyone we've had testify before us so far," said Mr. Gorton, a former senator from Washington.
Mr. Gorton said the reference in the memo sent to the president about 70 FBI investigations "would be sort of comforting to the person who read it the first time around."
